Pharma Hub

Pharmacology is a very big field of study of medicine, this will be an introduction in which you learn basic fundamentals concepts essential to learn pharmacology.

Introduction to Autonomic Pharmacology

The nervous system is divided into central and peripheral nervous systems. The peripheral nervous system consists of autonomic and somatic nervous systems.

Bacterial Cell Wall

The success of antibacterial agents owes much to the fact that they can act selectively against bacterial cells rather than animal cells. This is largely because bacterial and animal cells differ both in their structure and in their biosynthetic pathways. Let us consider some of the differences between the bacterial cell (defined as prokaryotic ) […]

History of Anti-Bacterial agents

There is evidence of antibacterial herbs or potions being used for many centuries. For example, the Chinese used moldy soybean curd to treat carbuncles, boils, and other infections. Greek physicians used wine, myrrh, and inorganic salts. In the Middle Ages, certain types of honey were used to prevent infections following arrow wounds. Of course in […]

Tragacanth

It is indigenous to Iran, Greece, Turkey, Iraq and Syria. In India, Garhwal, Kumaon & Central Punjab are the areas where few species of tragacanth are found. North Syria and Iran supply Persian tragacanth. Smyrna tragacanth is exported from Smyrna port in Asiatic turkey.

Pharmacognosy of Honey

Honey is a sugar secretion deposited in honey comb by the bees, Apis Mellifera, Apis Dorsata and other species of Apis, Belonging to family Apidae, order Hymenoptera. Synonyms: Madhu, Honey purified, Mel

Pharmacognosy of Guar Gum

Guar gum is the powder of the endosperm is the seed of cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Linn, belonging to family Leguminosae. synonyms: guar floor, Jaguar gum.

Pharmacognosy of Indian Gum

Indian Gum is dried gummy exudation obtained from the stem and branches of Acacia Arabic wild, belonging to family Leguminosae. Synonyms:Gum acacia, Gum arabic, Acacia.

What are Carbohydrates ?

carbohydrates were defined as group of compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in which the later two elements are in the same proportion as in water and were expressed by a formula (CH2O)n, i.e. hydrates of carbon.

Nomenclature of Drugs

A drug generally has three categories of names: Chemical names, non-proprietary & Proprietary (Brand) name.

General Definitions used on Pharmacology

Pharmacology is the science of drugs (Greek: Pharmacon–drug; logos-discourse in) . In a broad sense, it deals with interaction of exogenously administered chemical molecules (drugs) with living systems. It encompasses all aspects of knowledge about drugs, but most importantly those that are relevant to effective and safe use for medicinal purposes.

Classification of Antimicrobial Drugs

Antimicrobial drugs are the greatest contribution of the 20th century to therapeutics. Their advent changed the outlook of the physician about the power drugs can have on diseases. They are one of the few curative drugs. Drugs in this class differ from all others in that they are designed to inhibit/kill the infecting organism and […]

Scheme for Pharmacognostic Studies of a Crude Drug

A systematic study of a crude drug under pharmacognostic scheme involves it’s description.

Drug Targets at the Molecular Level

The main molecular targets for drugs are proteins (mainly enzymes, receptors, and transport proteins) and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). These The main molecular targets for drugs are proteins (mainly enzymes, receptors, and transport proteins) and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). These are large molecules ( macromolecules ) that have molecular weights measured in the […]

Drug Targets: Understanding Cell Structure

Why should chemicals, some of which have remarkably simple structures, have such an important effect on such a complicated and large structure as a human being? The answer lies in the way that the human body operates. If we could see inside our bodies to the molecular level, we would see a magnificent array of […]

What is a drug?

The medicinal chemist attempts to design and synthesize a pharmaceutical agent that has a desired biological effect on the human body or some other living system. Such a compound could also be called a ‘drug’, but this is a word that many scientists dislike because society views the term with suspicion. With media headlines such […]

Classification of Crude Drugs in Pharmacognosy

The term ‘crude drug’ generally applies to the products from plants & animal origin found in a raw form. It is referred in relation to the natural products that has not been advanced in value or improved in condition by an any process or treatment beyond that which is essential for its proper packing and prevention from deteriorating.

Introduction to General Anesthetics

General anaesthesia are CNS depressant that produce anaesthesia, which extends to the entire body and are characterised by a state of unconsciousness, analgesia and Amnesia with skeleton muscle relaxation and loss of reflexes. General anaesthetic are employed for surgical operations and four stages of anaesthesia may be recognised as: Stage 1 (Analgesia): The patient is […]

Historical Aspects of Pharmacology